Insights in the Bankability & Viability stream.
Every project has a positive NPV at some discount rate. Every project has an IRR. Every socio-economic evaluation has a BCR. The three metrics answer different questions, and picking the wrong one produces a defensible-looking analysis that leads to the wrong decision.
The debt service coverage ratio is the single number most lenders look at first. What it measures, how it hides trouble, what covenant thresholds actually mean in practice, and why the average across a period is often the wrong view.
Bankable projects raise money. Viable projects survive their own economics after the money is spent. The two tests are different, they use different metrics, and confusing them is why fundable projects still collapse.